• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement br Introduction The macrop

  2022-04-20

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Introduction The macrophage is an important cell species that plays key roles in innate immune responses and inflammatory reactions through phagocytosis of foreign bodies and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (T

• Numerous stimuli lead to inactivation of

  2022-04-20

  

  Numerous stimuli lead to inactivation of GSK-3, including Growth Factors such as EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor), BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), IGF (Insulin-like growth factor) and insulin (Beaulieu et al., 2009, Chen and Russo-Neustadt, 2005, Cohen a

• Meptazinol HCl br Cholecystokinin CCK CCK is secreted by ent

  2022-04-20

  

  Cholecystokinin (CCK) CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine I-cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to amino acids and lipids [14]. There are two forms of the CCK receptor, CCK1 which is expressed on pancreatic α- and β-cells while CCK2 is located on somatostatin-secreting δ-cells [8]. CCK r

• The manuscript provides mechanistic insights into the suppre

  2022-04-20

  

  The manuscript provides mechanistic insights into the suppression of EGFR, BCRP, PKM2, and other cancer biomarkers in response to pharmacological inhibition of GPR55 with MNF and CID (Fig. 7). Firstly, inactivation of ERK has been previously demonstrated following treatment of PANC-1 prostaglandin e

• KYNA has been shown to regulate iNKT cytokine

  2022-04-20

  

  KYNA has been shown to regulate iNKT cytokine release (Fallarini et al., 2010) and at high concentrations to reduce LPS-induced TNFα release from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear CTPB synthesis (Wang et al., 2006). Our results show that elevating KYNA to “exercised” levels is sufficient to pro

• In summary we have designed and optimized a new

  2022-04-20

  

  In summary, we have designed and optimized a new series of 1,4-dioxycyclohexane GPR119 agonists. SAR studies led to the discovery of the preferred molecule that has potent and efficacious GPR119 activity across species. This lead compound exhibited an excellent ADME and safety profile, and demonstr

• hmg-coa reductase inhibitors br Discovery of GPR A

  2022-04-20

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

• The effects of opioids such as morphine

  2022-04-20

  

  The effects of opioids such as morphine are mediated through the opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widely expressed both peripherally and in the CNS (Chen et al., 1993, Evans et al., 1992). The opioid agonist morphine has been shown to amplify the effect of the tubular cell-gp120 interaction on

• FSH and LH are glycoprotein dimers that

  2022-04-20

  

  FSH and LH, are glycoprotein dimers that are comprised of two subunits, a common α-subunit (αGSU) and a distinct β-subunit (FSHβ or LHβ, respectively), which determines the biological specificity of the gonadotropins (Ciccone and Kaiser, 2009, Gharib et al., 1990). The cysteine protease of the gona

• PF-5274857 mg br Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal

  2022-04-20

  

  Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino PF-5274857 mg calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These include transc

• Active compounds and were further tested and EC

  2022-04-20

  

  Active compounds , , and were further tested and EC and pEC values were determined as shown in . Compound showed EC of 0.97μM (pEC 6.01) with 84.5% maximal response, which suggests that introduction of alkyl chain on aromatic nucleus of , resulted in improved GPR40 agonistic activity than that of

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-04-19

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the University of Tehran, Iran. The authors thank all the teams who worked on the experiments and who provided technical assistance in the laboratory during this study. We also thank the anony

• In the course of our ongoing attempts

  2022-04-19

  

  In the course of our ongoing attempts to photolabel allosteric binding sites of γ-aminobutyric betamethasone celestone type A (GABAA) receptors, we were met with the need for relatively large (near mg) quantities of recombinant protein. Rather than establishing a stable cell line we sought to optimi

• The stability of the i motif at the

  2022-04-19

  

  The stability of the i-motif at the neutral pH has been analyzed in our previous paper [31] by tracking the rmsd changes in unbiased calculations. Fig. 7 presents, just to confirm the conclusions drawn in [12], the changes in distances between atoms forming hydrogen bonds within the i-motif structur

• From a cell signaling perspective given the importance

  2022-04-19

  

  From a cell signaling perspective, given the importance of agonist-directed signaling and biased agonism, one goal of this research update was to review the known contributions of G protein-dependent versus β-arrestin-dependent signals toward promotion of beneficial functions that FFA4 facilitates.

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