• The vast majority of clinical studies

  2022-02-28

  

  The vast majority of clinical studies have shown that chronic administration of GLP-1R agonists frequently lowers SBP/DBP in diabetic humans, which is consistent with preclinical studies, though the reported reductions are not as potent as those observed in their animal counterparts. In contrast, ac

• Gli signaling pathways play critical roles in embryonic and

  2022-02-28

  

  Gli signaling pathways play critical roles in embryonic and postnatal lung development [22]. Many reports suggest that wound healing and fibrotic diseases involve activation of pathways used during development [23]. In the adult lung, Gli signaling activity measured by Gli1 expression is restricted

• Introduction The Hedgehog Hh signaling pathway regulates emb

  2022-02-28

  

  Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates embryonic organogenesis, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation (Armas-Lopez et al., 2017, Ingham and McMahon, 2013). Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway contributes to tumor formation and development of various cancers includi

• While ghrelin s role in addictive

  2022-02-28

  

  While ghrelin's role in addictive behaviors has been most extensively explored with alcohol, ghrelin has also been implicated in biobehavioral substrates of other drugs of abuse. For example, preclinical experiments suggest that GHS-R1a blockade may improve nicotine [155,156], opioids [[157], [158],

• Thus aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of

  2022-02-28

  

  Thus, aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of F1,6-P2 synthesis is involved in the formation of the glyconeogenic or glycolytic complex, dependently on the physiological state of the cell. In the process of glycogen synthesis, the enzyme not only supplies the substrate for FBPase and desensit

• br Acknowledgments This study was financially

  2022-02-28

  

  Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by National Science Center Poland grant No DEC-2011/02/A/NZ4/00031 (KKK), Jagiellonian University Medical College (Poland) grants: K/ZDS/007130 (SM) and K/ZDS/007131 (SM), COST Action CA15135 (DŁ, HS, KKK) and DFG INST 208/664-1 FUGG (HS). Than

• br HO regulation and physiology The catabolism of cellular h

  2022-02-28

  

  HO-1: regulation and physiology The catabolism of cellular heme in humans and other species is mediated by the heme oxygenase (HO) family of enzymes (E.C. 1:14:99:3; heme-hydrogen donor:oxygen oxidoreductase). The HOs localize primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they serve, in conce

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-02-28

  

  Materials and methods Author contributions Acknowledgments We thank members of the Skaar laboratory for critical evaluation of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, R01AI069233 (EPS), and T32GM008554-21 (LJL). Introduction Pseudomonas

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Liver disease is

  2022-02-28

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Death from any type of acute or chronic liver injury results when sufficient healthy hepatic parenchyma cannot be regenerated to perform vital liver-specific functions. Although the regenerative capabil

• Introduction Cancer has been a significant public health pro

  2022-02-28

  

  Introduction Cancer has been a significant public health problem in the world with more patients being diagnosed every year. However, chemotherapy from non-specific cytotoxic agents that as an effective means of cancer treatment is limited by severe side effects and poor selectivity. Thus, the deve

• Furthermore the absolute lack of E allele expression

  2022-02-28

  

  Furthermore, the absolute lack of E2 allele expression in both chronic and SVR cases, supports the protective role of the E2 allele against HCV infection at a time of exposure. However this hypothesis could not be entirely proved by this study due to lack of healthy individuals participation. Simila

• Mathematical models play an important

  2022-02-28

  

  Mathematical models play an important role in understanding and predicting the dynamic process of HBV infection. In the 1990s, Nowak et al. proposed a basic model to analyze the effect of antiviral treatment on reducing viral loads (Nowak et al., 1996). Since then, many different mathematical models

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interest

  2022-02-26

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We appreciate technical support of the Research Support Center at the Graduate School of Medical Sciences of the Kyushu University. This study was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and a KAKENHI grant from the Ministry of E

• br Manganese based imaging probes br

  2022-02-26

  

  Manganese-based imaging probes Imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) Imaging of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) In mammals, insulin secretion is mediated by the membrane potential of pancreatic β-cells. Increases in glucose levels lead to blocking of ATP-sensitive potassium ch

• Acknowledgements br Introduction The neurotransmitter glycin

  2022-02-26

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The neurotransmitter glycine acts through two receptors: a strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyA) and a strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor (GlyB). GlyA is localized to the neuronal membrane post-synaptic to inhibitory glycinergic neurons, whereas GlyB is

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