• Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP is a transmembrane G

  2021-05-20

  

  Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is a transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EP4 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue by dampening the levels of inflammatory chemokines [12]. In the mouse, EP4 deficiency aggravates fragmentatio

• br Coactivator Binding Sets APC C

  2021-05-20

  

  Coactivator Binding Sets APC/C Catalytic Core in Motion A coactivator not only recruits substrates to APC/C [18] (Figure 3B), but also stimulates repositioning of the catalytic core 19, 24. High-resolution cryo-EM maps of apo forms of APC/C without a coactivator show the catalytic core and platfo

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-05-20

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Natural compounds and their derivatives have been investigated as candidates for the treatment of bone diseases and can also be the sources of nutraceutical agents and therapeutic agents [28]. Using peptides as therapeutic effects on bone-related dis

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2021-05-20

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Research in the Davis laboratory was supported by grants 4R37NS019904, 5R01NS052351, and 1R35NS097224 from NINDS. Research in the Martemyanov laboratory was supported by grants DA036596 and DA026405 from NIDA, and MH105482 from N

• This project was funded by the

  2021-05-20

  

  This project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within FOR 2251 (project grants EB 285/2-1 and WI 3272/3-1) and in part by additional contributions from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (D.I.S award Nos. BIOSCAT [05K12YE1]) and the Horizon 2020 programme of the European

• In summary these results are consistent with our

  2021-05-20

  

  In summary, these results are consistent with our hypothesis that chemical nitrosation of BMAA to N-BMAA results in the formation of an alkylating agent. Furthermore, we have shown that N-BMAA is more toxic than BMAA itself. Previously, methylazoxymethanol (MAM), which is also present in the cycad n

• br Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase DGK is a lipid metabol

  2021-05-20

  

  Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid-metabolizing enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic ABT737 (PA) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. DG and PA act as lipid second messengers in a wide variety of biological processes. Ten DGK isozymes (α, β, γ, δ, η, κ, ε, ζ,

• br DDR receptor and MMP expression Type

  2021-05-19

  

  DDR2 receptor and MMP-13 expression Type II collagen protein in articular cartilage is highly stable structure as its half-life is 117 years [43]. The chondrocytes have limited ability to synthesis type II collagen protein in the matrix of mature articular cartilage once the collagen gets disrupt

• niacin nicotinic acid Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids

  2021-05-19

  

  Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids perform their biological action in the organism through receptor-dependent mechanisms (e.g., by binding to the glucocorticoid receptors). It has been determined that glucocorticoid receptors cross-talk with other nuclear receptors, including AhR (Celander et al.

• In conclusion adipose PGD suppressed the lipolysis by decrea

  2021-05-19

  

  In conclusion, adipose PGD2 suppressed the lipolysis by decreasing the intracellular cAMP level through DP2R. Therefore, PGD2 enhanced adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) through both repression of the lipolysis via DP2R and activation of the lipogenesis via PPARγ. Thus, L-PGDS and DP2R a

• br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgments This

  2021-05-19

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2015R1A2A2A01004593). Introduction Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinest

• br In order to determine the physiological roles

  2021-05-19

  

  In order to determine the physiological roles of WT (wild type) EWSR1, Dr. Lee's group established a conventional Ewsr1 KO mouse [38]. Since then, the Ewsr1 KO (−/−) mouse model has successfully been utilized to decipher many important in vivo roles of EWSR1 (Fig. 1). EWSR1 deficiency alters mi

• formyl peptide receptors br Methods br Results and discussio

  2021-05-19

  

  Methods Results and discussion Conclusions Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1603285). Overview of the MAPK pathway The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, often known as a ca

• br Funding This work was supported by intramural funding of

  2021-05-19

  

  Funding This work was supported by intramural funding of the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen. Acknowledgments Introduction Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a central second messenger that controls a plethora of vital functions.

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion

  2021-05-18

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Ligase IV is essential for the final ligation of DSBs through the NHEJ pathway. Its co-factor, XRCC4, has been shown to be important for increasing its activity and stability. Interaction between these two factors have been mapped to the linker region

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